Author: Farihin Azlan

As Malaysia continues to grow as a bustling urban nation, a concerning trend is quietly rising alongside its development — a significant increase in allergies among children. What was once seen as a minor irritation has now become a growing public health issue, with triggers ranging from dust mites and food allergens to pollution and mould. Recent estimates suggest that one in five Malaysian children may develop some form of allergy, highlighting the urgent need for parents to better understand and manage these conditions early.

Consultant Paediatrician and Paediatric Respiratory Specialist at Sunway Medical Centre, Sunway City, Dr. Noor Zehan Abdul Rahim, explains that allergies are often misunderstood as simple sneezes or rashes, when in reality, they can greatly impact a child’s overall quality of life. “Urban living exposes children to higher allergens like dust mites, smoke, and pollution. While parents can’t control everything, they can take steps to make their homes safer havens,” she says.

In Malaysia, dust mites remain the most common cause of respiratory allergies, thriving in humid environments such as bedding, carpets, and fabric furnishings. Pet dander also frequently triggers reactions, even from breeds labelled “hypoallergenic.” Although less widespread compared to Western countries, food allergies — especially to peanuts, shellfish, and milk — are becoming increasingly recognised. Additionally, pollen and mould, particularly in damp urban homes, can contribute to persistent symptoms.

Allergies can appear as early as six months old, particularly food allergies, while respiratory-related allergies often emerge around ages five to six. Symptoms can include runny noses, sneezing, coughing, nasal congestion, wheezing, eczema, vomiting, or diarrhoea. Allergic rhinitis, the most common childhood allergy, can significantly disrupt daily life if left unmanaged. Dr. Noor Zehan encourages parents to pay close attention to recurring patterns and consider keeping a symptom diary to track possible triggers.

Ignoring allergies can lead to long-term consequences, including chronic sinusitis or asthma. Alarmingly, asthma cases among Malaysian children have risen sharply — from 6.4% to 9.4% in those aged 6 to 7, and from 9% to 13% in teenagers. “Asthma triggered by untreated allergies can be life-altering if not properly managed,” Dr. Noor Zehan warns. “It’s heartbreaking to see children struggle with something that can often be prevented or controlled.”

Fortunately, parents can take several practical steps to reduce allergen exposure at home. Dr. Noor Zehan recommends using dust-mite-proof bedding, vacuuming regularly with HEPA filters, avoiding smoke exposure, managing pet allergens, and introducing allergenic foods between four to six months under medical guidance. She also advises choosing air purifiers carefully to avoid irritants like fragrances.

Common myths remain widespread, such as the belief that children automatically outgrow allergies or that cold drinks worsen respiratory symptoms. “With proper management, children with asthma or allergic rhinitis can enjoy normal activities without unnecessary restrictions,” she explains. Concerns about inhaler dependency are also misplaced — inhalers are safe, effective tools that improve breathing and overall wellbeing.

The COVID-19 pandemic has influenced allergy patterns as well. Reduced exposure to infections during lockdowns temporarily eased symptoms for some children but also limited natural immunity-building. As life returns to normal, Dr. Noor Zehan encourages parents to gradually reintroduce their children to varied environments while maintaining hygiene and monitoring for allergy triggers.

Ultimately, managing childhood allergies requires a collaborative approach between parents and healthcare professionals. Regular paediatric check-ups are crucial for early detection and proper treatment. “The early years are crucial for long-term health,” says Dr. Noor Zehan. “Stay informed, take action, and don’t hesitate to seek medical advice. Every step you take now will help your child live a healthier, happier life.”